During Donald Trump’s presidency (2017–2021), his administration frequently withdrew from international organizations and multilateral agreements under the banner of ‘America First,’ a move widely described as ‘quitting groups.’ Key withdrawals included: announcing in 2017 the U.S. exit from the Paris Climate Agreement, claiming it harmed American economic interests; leaving the UN Human Rights Council in 2018, criticizing its alleged anti-Israel bias and inefficiency; suspending compliance with the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty in 2019, citing Russian violations; and formally withdrawing from the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020, accusing it of mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic and being unduly influenced by China. The Trump administration also abandoned the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal. These actions aimed to refocus U.S. foreign policy on bilateral negotiations over multilateral frameworks but strained alliances and fragmented global governance. Upon taking office, President Joe Biden reversed several of these decisions, rejoining the Paris Agreement and the WHO, signaling a renewed commitment to multilateralism.
在特朗普担任美国总统期间（2017–2021年），其政府以“美国优先”为原则，频繁退出多个国际组织与多边协议，被外界称为“退群”。这些举动引发全球广泛关注。主要“退群”包括：2017年宣布退出《巴黎气候协定》，称其损害美国经济利益；2018年退出联合国人权理事会，批评其“反以色列偏见”及效率低下；2019年终止履行《中导条约》，指称俄罗斯违约；2020年正式退出世界卫生组织（WHO），指责其应对新冠疫情不力并受中国影响；此外，还退出了跨太平洋伙伴关系协定（TPP）、伊朗核问题全面协议（JCPOA）等。部分“弃子”行为意在重塑美国外交战略，强调双边谈判优于多边机制，但也导致盟友关系紧张、全球治理碎片化。拜登政府上台后，已陆续重返部分协议，如《巴黎协定》和世卫组织，显示出对多边主义的重新重视。
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