In 2023, Iran experienced several large-scale internet shutdowns, drawing significant domestic and international attention. These outages typically coincided with politically sensitive periods or social unrest, such as during mass protests. While the government officially attributed the disruptions to ‘technical failures’ or ‘cyberattacks,’ substantial evidence and expert analyses suggest they were deliberate acts of internet censorship aimed at restricting information flow, preventing public mobilization, and controlling narratives.Iran’s highly centralized internet infrastructure enables authorities to swiftly cut off nationwide or regional connectivity. This tactic has become a key instrument in managing social instability. International human rights organizations have condemned these shutdowns as severe violations of citizens’ rights to freedom of expression and access to information. Moreover, internet blackouts severely disrupt critical sectors including the economy, education, and healthcare, impeding normal societal functions.Notably, Iran has been advancing its ‘National Information Network’—a state-controlled intranet designed to reduce reliance on the global internet. This development signals that internet shutdowns may become an even more frequent governance tool in the future, reflecting Tehran’s firm stance on digital sovereignty and information control.
2023年，伊朗曾多次发生大范围断网事件，引发国内外广泛关注。这些断网通常发生在政治敏感时期或社会动荡期间，例如大规模抗议活动期间。政府官方解释多为‘技术故障’或‘网络攻击’，但大量证据和专家分析指出，这很可能是当局主动实施的‘网络管制’措施，旨在限制信息流通、阻止民众组织集会，并控制舆论走向。伊朗拥有高度集中化的互联网基础设施，国家可迅速切断全国或特定地区的网络连接。这种‘断网’手段已成为其应对社会不稳定的重要工具之一。国际人权组织批评此举严重侵犯公民的言论自由与信息获取权。此外，断网也对经济、教育和医疗等关键领域造成严重影响，阻碍正常社会运转。值得注意的是，伊朗近年来还在推进‘国家内联网’（National Information Network）建设，试图打造一个受政府完全控制的封闭网络系统，进一步减少对外部互联网的依赖。这一趋势表明，未来伊朗可能更频繁地使用断网作为社会治理手段，同时也反映出其在网络主权与信息管控方面的强硬立场。
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