As a core NATO and EU member, Italy has long anchored its foreign policy on transatlantic relations. In recent years, Italy has clearly aligned itself with the United States on multiple international issues for three main reasons. First, security dependence: Italy, a key southern flank NATO ally, relies heavily on U.S. military protection and intelligence support to address Mediterranean threats such as terrorism, illegal migration, and expanding Russian influence. Second, economic incentives: the U.S. is a major trade and investment partner for Italy, with close cooperation in energy, technology, and defense sectors. For instance, Italy joined the U.S.-led Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII) to attract American capital for domestic infrastructure upgrades. Third, shared political values: mainstream Italian parties generally uphold Western democratic principles and free-market ideals, aligning closely with U.S. positions. Although Italy previously sought deeper economic ties with China, intensifying U.S.-China strategic competition—coupled with concerns over risks associated with the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)—prompted Rome to prioritize Western alliance cohesion. In 2023, Italy officially announced its withdrawal from the BRI, underscoring its strategic pivot back toward the United States.
意大利作为北约成员国和欧盟核心国家，其外交政策长期以跨大西洋关系为基础。近年来，意大利在多个国际议题上明确站队美国，原因主要有三：首先，安全依赖。意大利是北约南翼重要成员，面对地中海地区安全威胁（如恐怖主义、非法移民和俄罗斯影响力扩张），高度依赖美国提供的军事保护与情报支持。其次，经济利益驱动。美国是意大利重要的贸易与投资伙伴，尤其在能源、科技和国防领域合作紧密。例如，意大利参与美国主导的“全球基础设施与投资伙伴关系”（PGII），希望吸引美资推动本国基建升级。第三，政治价值观趋同。意大利主流政党普遍认同民主、自由市场等西方价值观，与美国立场相近。尽管意大利也曾尝试加强与中国的经贸合作，但在中美战略竞争加剧背景下，出于对西方联盟团结的重视及对“一带一路”潜在风险的担忧，意大利最终选择回归美国阵营。2023年，意大利正式宣布退出“一带一路”倡议，进一步印证其向美靠拢的战略转向。
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