Since the People’s Bank of China initiated research on a central bank digital currency (CBDC) in 2014, the digital yuan (e-CNY) has undergone a decade-long transformation—from conceptual exploration to large-scale pilots and real-world adoption. As one of the first major economies to develop a CBDC, China has made significant breakthroughs in technical architecture, a two-tier operational model, and a controllable anonymity mechanism, establishing a secure, efficient, and inclusive new payment infrastructure. By 2024, e-CNY has been piloted in 26 regions, reaching over 300 million users and spanning use cases such as retail payments, public transport, government services, and cross-border settlements. It demonstrated remarkable reliability during high-profile events like the Beijing Winter Olympics and the Canton Fair. Moreover, through international initiatives like the mBridge project, the digital yuan is gradually contributing to the reshaping of global financial infrastructure. Over the past ten years, e-CNY has not only modernized China’s payment system but also offered a ‘Chinese model’ for global CBDC development. Looking ahead, with continued technological innovation and regulatory refinement, the digital yuan is poised to play an even greater role in enhancing financial inclusion, improving monetary policy transmission, and safeguarding data security.
自2014年中国人民银行启动法定数字货币研究以来，数字人民币（e-CNY）历经十年发展，已从概念探索走向大规模试点与实际应用。作为全球最早开展央行数字货币（CBDC）研发的主要经济体之一，中国在技术架构、双层运营体系、可控匿名机制等方面不断突破，构建起安全、高效、普惠的新型支付基础设施。截至2024年，数字人民币已在26个试点地区覆盖超3亿人，应用场景涵盖零售消费、交通出行、政务服务、跨境结算等多个领域。尤其在冬奥会、广交会等重大活动中，数字人民币展现了其便捷性与稳定性。此外，通过多边央行数字货币桥（mBridge）等国际合作项目，数字人民币正逐步参与全球金融基础设施重构。十年蝶变，数字人民币不仅推动了中国支付体系的现代化，也为全球数字货币发展提供了“中国方案”。未来，随着技术迭代与制度完善，数字人民币有望在促进金融包容、提升货币政策效率、保障数据安全等方面发挥更大作用。
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