Recently, several major U.S. media outlets have noted a significant shift in how American society and policymakers view China. In the past, the U.S. largely saw China as a potential partner or a market opportunity; today, an increasing number of voices frame China as a strategic competitor—and in some areas, even a systemic challenge. This shift is evident not only in government policy—such as the Biden administration’s continuation and strengthening of export controls on advanced technologies and its push for ‘de-risking’—but also in public opinion and academic discourse. Surveys from institutions like Pew Research Center show that negative perceptions of China among the American public continue to rise, with bipartisan consensus emerging around a tougher stance toward Beijing. However, some analysts caution that this ‘competition-first’ mindset may overlook the necessity of U.S.-China cooperation on issues like climate change and global public health. Experts urge a more balanced approach that integrates both competition and collaboration, avoiding the trap of zero-sum thinking. Overall, America’s perception of China is evolving from one of ‘engagement’ to a mix of ‘containment and strategic competition,’ a shift that will profoundly shape the trajectory of U.S.-China relations in the years ahead.
近期，多家美国主流媒体指出，美国社会和政策界对中国的整体心态正在发生显著转变。过去，美国更多将中国视为潜在的合作伙伴或市场机遇；如今，越来越多的声音将中国定位为战略竞争对手，甚至在某些领域被视为系统性挑战。这种转变不仅体现在政府层面——如拜登政府延续并强化对华技术出口管制、推动‘去风险化’（de-risking）策略——也反映在公众舆论和学术讨论中。皮尤研究中心等机构的民调显示，美国民众对中国的负面看法持续上升，两党在对华强硬立场上趋于一致。然而，也有分析指出，这种‘对抗优先’的心态可能忽视了中美在气候变化、全球公共卫生等议题上的合作必要性。专家呼吁，在竞争与合作之间寻求更平衡的路径，避免陷入零和博弈的陷阱。总体而言，美国对华认知正从‘接触’转向‘遏制与竞争并存’，这一变化将深刻影响未来中美关系的走向。
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