In recent years, global automotive chip shortages have intensified, prompting automakers to join a fierce ‘chip rush.’ This trend stems from multiple factors: the pandemic disrupted global semiconductor supply chains and constrained chip manufacturing capacity, while the rapid rise of electric vehicles and intelligent driving technologies significantly increased demand for high-performance chips. Traditionally, automakers relied on just-in-time procurement models and lacked long-term partnerships with chipmakers, whereas consumer electronics companies had already secured much of the available capacity. When the auto market rebounded strongly post-2021, chip production was already allocated to smartphones, computers, and other devices, leaving automakers in a vulnerable position. In response, major automakers—including Tesla, BYD, Volkswagen, and General Motors—have begun engaging directly with foundries like TSMC and Samsung, investing in in-house chip development, or forming deep collaborations with semiconductor firms. Chinese EV makers such as NIO and XPeng are also accelerating their efforts in automotive-grade chip R&D. This ‘chip scramble’ has not only exposed vulnerabilities in the automotive supply chain but is also driving the industry to rethink its chip strategy—shifting from short-term reactive sourcing to long-term technological autonomy and supply chain resilience. Going forward, chip competency may become a critical component of an automaker’s core competitiveness.
近年来，全球汽车芯片供应持续紧张，导致车企纷纷加入‘抢芯’行列。这一现象源于多重因素：一方面，新冠疫情打乱了全球半导体产业链，芯片制造产能受限；另一方面，新能源汽车和智能驾驶技术的快速发展大幅提升了对高性能芯片的需求。传统车企过去多依赖‘按需采购’模式，未与芯片厂商建立长期合作关系，而消费电子企业则早已锁定大量产能。当汽车市场在2021年后快速复苏时，芯片产能已被手机、电脑等产品占据，车企陷入被动。为应对这一局面，包括特斯拉、比亚迪、大众、通用等在内的多家车企开始直接与台积电、三星等晶圆代工厂接触，甚至投资自研芯片或与芯片公司深度合作。部分中国车企如蔚来、小鹏也加速布局车规级芯片研发。这场‘抢芯’大战不仅暴露了汽车供应链的脆弱性，也促使整个行业重新思考芯片战略——从短期应急采购转向长期技术自主与供应链安全。未来，掌握芯片能力或将成为车企核心竞争力的重要组成部分。
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