Recently, the claim that ‘China’s northeastern provinces are no longer the oldest in terms of labor force’ has drawn widespread attention. This shift stems largely from evolving demographic trends and regional development strategies. Historically, Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang provinces experienced persistently low birth rates and significant outmigration of young adults, resulting in a shrinking working-age population and among the nation’s highest aging rates. However, with the deepening implementation of national policies to revitalize Northeast China—including industrial upgrading, improved business environments, and talent-recruitment initiatives—cities like Shenyang, Dalian, and Changchun have begun attracting returning or newly migrating young workers. Meanwhile, provinces in central and western China, such as Henan, Sichuan, and Anhui, are also seeing declines in their working-age population shares due to accelerated local industrialization and returning migrant entrepreneurs. This nationwide demographic transformation has relatively eased the Northeast’s ranking in labor-force aging. Importantly, this does not mean Northeast China’s population challenges have been resolved; rather, it reflects broader national trends. Going forward, sustaining high-quality development and enhancing public services to attract and retain young talent remain critical priorities for the region.
近年来，‘东三省不再是中国劳动力最老省份’的说法引发广泛关注。这一变化主要源于人口结构的动态调整和区域发展战略的推进。过去，辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省因出生率持续走低、青壮年大量外流，导致劳动年龄人口比例下降、老龄化程度居全国前列。然而，随着国家振兴东北战略深入实施，包括产业升级、营商环境改善和人才回流政策的落地，部分城市如沈阳、大连、长春等地开始吸引年轻劳动力回流或迁入。同时，中西部地区如河南、四川、安徽等省份因本地工业化加速和外出务工人员返乡创业，也面临劳动年龄人口占比下滑的问题，使得东三省在‘劳动力老龄化’排名中相对位置有所后移。需要指出的是，这并不意味着东北人口问题已根本解决，而是全国范围内人口结构变迁的缩影。未来，如何通过高质量发展和公共服务提升持续吸引并留住青年人才，仍是东三省面临的关键课题。
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