Vietnam possesses the world’s second-largest rare earth reserves, trailing only China, giving it a significant natural resource advantage for developing a rare earth industry. In recent years, the Vietnamese government has actively promoted the localization of its rare earth supply chain to reduce reliance on imported high-tech materials and attract foreign investment. However, building a complete rare earth industry chain requires not only abundant mineral resources but also advanced technologies for extraction, separation, refining, and downstream processing, along with robust environmental regulations and oversight. While Vietnam has established a basic foundation in mining, it remains heavily dependent on foreign—particularly Japanese and South Korean—technology for critical stages such as high-purity separation and functional material manufacturing. Moreover, rare earth processing poses significant environmental challenges, and Vietnam still lacks sufficient capacity in enforcing environmental standards and managing pollution. Although Vietnam has strengthened cooperation with countries like the U.S. and Japan to develop a more autonomous rare earth supply chain, it is unlikely to achieve full technological self-reliance in the short term. Therefore, despite its resource potential, Vietnam will need sustained investment, technological advancement, and international collaboration to build a complete, efficient, and environmentally sustainable rare earth industry.
越南拥有全球第二大的稀土储量，仅次于中国，具备发展稀土产业的天然资源优势。近年来，越南政府积极推动稀土产业链本土化，希望减少对进口高科技材料的依赖，并吸引外资参与开发。然而，要建立完整的稀土产业链，不仅需要丰富的矿产资源，还需先进的提取、分离、冶炼和深加工技术，以及完善的环保与监管体系。目前，越南在稀土开采方面已有一定基础，但在高纯度分离、功能材料制造等关键技术环节仍严重依赖外国，尤其是日本和韩国的技术支持。此外，稀土开采和加工过程对环境影响较大，越南在环保法规执行和污染治理能力方面仍有不足。尽管越南与多国（如美国、日本）加强合作，试图构建自主可控的稀土供应链，但短期内难以完全摆脱对外技术依赖。因此，虽然越南具备资源潜力，但要建成完整、高效、环保的稀土产业链，仍需长期投入、技术积累和国际合作。
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