In recent years, China has accelerated the development of its satellite internet infrastructure, unveiling a ‘Three-Chain Synergy’ strategy to counter the dominance of SpaceX’s Starlink in the global low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications market. The ‘Three-Chain Synergy’ refers to the deep integration and coordinated operation of space-based, air-based, and ground-based communication chains. The space-based chain comprises LEO, medium-Earth orbit (MEO), and geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, forming a global space information network. The air-based chain leverages high-altitude long-endurance drones and stratospheric airships to provide regional coverage enhancement and emergency communications. The ground-based chain includes ground stations, fiber-optic networks, and 5G/6G base stations, enabling high-speed backhaul and user access.Through this integrated approach, China aims to build a resilient, survivable, and domestically controlled space-ground information network. This not only enhances national strategic security in critical areas such as communications, navigation, and remote sensing but also lays the groundwork for emerging technologies like 6G, the Internet of Things (IoT), and intelligent transportation. China has already launched multiple experimental satellites and plans to deploy a global LEO satellite constellation by 2030. This marks China’s shift from a follower to a co-leader—and potentially a frontrunner—in the global race for satellite internet supremacy.
近年来，中国加速推进卫星互联网建设，提出“三链协同”战略，以应对美国SpaceX“星链”（Starlink）在全球低轨卫星通信领域的主导地位。“三链协同”指的是天基链、空基链与地基链的深度融合与协同运作。其中，天基链由低轨、中轨和高轨卫星组成，构建覆盖全球的天基信息网络；空基链依托高空长航时无人机、平流层飞艇等临近空间平台，实现区域增强与应急通信；地基链则包括地面站、光纤网络和5G/6G基站，提供高速回传与用户接入能力。通过“三链协同”，中国旨在打造一个弹性强、抗毁性高、自主可控的天地一体化信息网络体系。这不仅有助于提升国家在通信、导航、遥感等关键领域的战略安全，也为未来6G、物联网和智能交通等新兴技术提供基础设施支撑。目前，中国已成功发射多颗试验卫星，并计划在2030年前建成覆盖全球的低轨卫星星座系统。这一举措标志着中国正从“跟跑”向“并跑”乃至“领跑”转变，在全球卫星互联网竞争中发出更强声音。
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