In 2023, China’s Supreme People’s Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate, and Ministry of Public Security jointly issued the ‘Guiding Opinions on Properly Handling Minor Injury Cases in Accordance with the Law,’ clearly stating that ‘fighting back does not automatically constitute mutual combat.’ The document clarifies the legal boundaries of justifiable self-defense, emphasizing that individuals have the right to defend themselves reasonably and proportionally against unlawful aggression. Even if such defense causes minor injury to the aggressor, it should not be simplistically labeled as mutual assault. Mutual combat only applies when both parties demonstrate intent to attack and have prior agreement or provocation. This new guidance aims to encourage citizens to lawfully protect their rights and avoid the flawed notion that ‘whoever is injured is automatically in the right.’ For instance, if one person initiates unprovoked violence and the other responds solely to protect themselves, this should be recognized as legitimate self-defense—not mutual fighting. The clarification strengthens public confidence in the justice system and supports the development of a rule-of-law society.
2023年，中国最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和公安部联合发布《关于依法妥善办理轻伤害案件的指导意见》，明确指出：‘还手不等于互殴’，进一步厘清正当防卫的法律边界。该意见强调，在面对不法侵害时，公民有权进行必要、适度的防卫行为，即使造成对方轻微伤害，也不应简单认定为‘互殴’。只有在双方均有主动攻击意图、事先存在斗殴合意的情况下，才构成互殴。新规定旨在鼓励民众依法维权，防止‘谁受伤谁有理’的错误导向，切实保障公民的正当防卫权利。例如，若一方无故挑衅或施暴，另一方被迫还击以保护自身安全，这种情形应被认定为正当防卫，而非互殴。此举有助于提升公众安全感，推动法治社会建设。
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