The Coast Guard, also known as maritime police or coast guard forces, is a crucial law enforcement agency responsible for safeguarding national maritime rights and ensuring safety and order at sea. Its primary roles include: first, upholding national sovereignty and maritime rights by conducting regular patrols and law enforcement in territorial waters and exclusive economic zones to deter illegal intrusions and unauthorized resource extraction; second, combating maritime crimes such as smuggling, illegal immigration, unregulated fishing, and piracy to ensure the safety of navigation and maritime operations; third, participating in search-and-rescue missions and emergency response—rapidly deploying during shipwrecks, personnel overboard incidents, or marine pollution events to carry out rescues and containment measures; fourth, supporting marine environmental protection by monitoring compliance of offshore projects and fishing activities to prevent ecologically destructive practices; and fifth, undertaking certain maritime rights-protection duties during peacetime, working alongside diplomatic and defense agencies to advance national maritime strategic interests. Overall, the Coast Guard serves not only as an enforcer of maritime law but also as a key indicator of a nation’s capacity for ocean governance, playing a vital role in establishing a secure, orderly, and sustainable maritime order.
海警，即海上警察或海岸警卫力量，是国家维护海洋权益、保障海上安全和秩序的重要执法机构。其主要作用包括：一是维护国家主权和海洋权益，在专属经济区、领海等海域开展常态化巡航执法，防范非法侵入和资源盗采；二是打击海上违法犯罪活动，如走私、偷渡、非法捕捞、海盗行为等，保障海上交通与作业安全；三是参与海上搜救与应急响应，在船舶遇险、人员落水或海洋污染等突发事件中迅速出动，实施救援和处置；四是协助开展海洋生态环境保护，监督海洋工程、渔业活动是否合规，防止破坏性开发；五是在和平时期承担部分海上维权任务，配合外交和国防部门维护国家海洋战略利益。总体而言，海警既是海上执法者，也是国家海洋治理能力的重要体现，对构建安全、有序、可持续的海洋秩序具有关键作用。
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