China’s nuclear fusion research began in the 1950s with fundamental theoretical studies and small-scale experiments. By the 1960s, China had gradually established its own research system in plasma physics and controlled thermonuclear fusion. In the 1980s, China built its first tokamak device—HT-6B—marking its formal entry into magnetic confinement fusion research. Since then, it has developed increasingly advanced devices such as HT-7 and EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak). EAST, which achieved first plasma in 2006, is the world’s first fully superconducting, non-circular cross-section tokamak and has repeatedly set global records for high-temperature plasma operation duration. In recent years, China has actively participated in the international ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) project and is constructing the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) in Hefei to support future domestic demonstration fusion reactors. Notably, in 2021, EAST sustained plasma at 120 million degrees Celsius for 101 seconds, and in 2023, it achieved a record-breaking 403-second steady-state operation in high-confinement mode. Overall, China’s fusion program has evolved from follower to competitor—and in some areas, a leader—steadily advancing toward the ultimate goal of harnessing the ‘artificial sun’ as a clean, limitless energy source.
中国的核聚变研究始于20世纪50年代，最初以基础理论探索和小型实验装置为主。1960年代起，中国逐步建立起自己的等离子体物理与受控核聚变研究体系。1980年代，中国建成首个托卡马克装置——HT-6B，标志着正式进入磁约束聚变研究领域。此后，中国陆续发展出HT-7、EAST（全超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置）等先进装置。其中，EAST于2006年首次放电，是全球首个全超导非圆截面托卡马克，多次创造高温等离子体运行时间的世界纪录。近年来，中国积极参与国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER）计划，并在合肥建设聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施（CRAFT），为未来自主建造聚变示范堆奠定基础。2021年，EAST实现1.2亿摄氏度等离子体运行101秒，2023年又实现高约束模式下403秒的稳态运行，彰显了中国在核聚变领域的技术实力与持续创新能力。总体来看，中国核聚变研究已从跟跑、并跑迈向部分领跑，正稳步向‘人造太阳’的终极能源梦想迈进。
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