Donald Trump represents a form of conservatism that diverges significantly from classical or religious conservatism. Instead, his ideology blends populism, nationalism, and economic protectionism into a new right-wing conservatism. Centered on the ‘America First’ doctrine, it emphasizes restricting immigration, revitalizing domestic manufacturing, withdrawing from multilateral international agreements, and rejecting globalization. Unlike traditional Republican elites who champion free markets, limited government, and internationalism, Trump’s conservatism prioritizes cultural identity, national sovereignty, and the interests of working-class white Americans. He mobilizes voters directly through social media, challenges establishment authority, and shifts conservatism from policy-based discourse toward identity politics and emotional appeals. Scholars often label this approach ‘populist conservatism’ or ‘national conservatism.’ While it retains certain traditional conservative values—such as opposition to abortion and support for gun rights—it simultaneously undermines the conservative emphasis on institutional stability and gradual reform, reflecting a distinctly anti-establishment and anti-elite character.
唐纳德·特朗普所代表的保守主义，并非传统意义上的古典保守主义或宗教保守主义，而是一种融合民粹主义、民族主义与经济保护主义的新型右翼保守主义。这种保守主义强调‘美国优先’（America First），主张限制移民、重振制造业、退出多边国际协议，并对全球化持强烈批判态度。与以往共和党精英推崇的自由市场、有限政府和国际主义不同，特朗普的保守主义更注重文化认同、国家主权和普通白人劳工阶层的利益。他通过社交媒体直接动员选民，挑战建制派权威，将保守主义从政策辩论转向身份政治和情绪动员。因此，特朗普主义常被学者称为‘民粹保守主义’或‘民族保守主义’，它既延续了部分传统保守价值（如反对堕胎、支持持枪权），又颠覆了保守主义对制度稳定与渐进改革的重视，体现出强烈的反建制与反精英色彩。
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