In March 2024, Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro formally entered a not-guilty plea in a U.S. federal court for the first time in response to multiple criminal charges filed by the U.S. Department of Justice. The charges—originally brought in a 2020 indictment—include narco-terrorism, drug trafficking conspiracy, and money laundering, with the U.S. offering a $15 million reward for information leading to his arrest. Although Maduro did not physically appear in a U.S. courtroom (as he remains in Venezuela), U.S. authorities officially recorded his not-guilty plea through legal procedures. This development underscores the longstanding political tensions between the United States and Venezuela. The U.S. government has consistently criticized Maduro’s regime for authoritarianism and human rights abuses, employing sanctions and legal actions as pressure tactics. Venezuela, in turn, denounces these measures as politically motivated interference in its internal affairs. Notably, Maduro is the first sitting head of state to be criminally indicted by the U.S. and to have a formal court appearance documented in such a case—a move laden with symbolic weight and highlighting the complex interplay between international law and sovereign immunity.
2024年3月，委内瑞拉总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗在美国首次出庭，就美国司法部对其提出的多项刑事指控表示不认罪。此次出庭源于美国政府于2020年对马杜罗发出的通缉令，指控其涉嫌毒品恐怖主义、贩毒共谋及洗钱等罪名，并悬赏1500万美元征集线索。尽管马杜罗本人并未实际出现在美国法庭（因其仍身处委内瑞拉），但美方通过法律程序正式记录其“不认罪”立场。这一举动凸显了美委两国长期紧张的政治关系。美国政府长期批评马杜罗政权压制民主、侵犯人权，并试图通过制裁和司法手段施压；而委内瑞拉方面则谴责美方干涉内政，称相关指控出于政治动机。值得注意的是，马杜罗是首位被美国以刑事罪名起诉并在案卷中正式记录出庭回应的在任国家元首，此举具有高度象征意义，也反映出国际法与主权豁免之间的复杂张力。
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