In November 2024, Russia’s Ministry of Defense announced the first-ever use of its new intermediate-range hypersonic missile, the ‘Oreshnik’ (Hazel Tree), to strike targets inside Ukraine. Moscow stated the attack was in response to recent Ukrainian strikes on Russian military infrastructure and emphasized that the Oreshnik can penetrate existing air defense systems, traveling at speeds exceeding Mach 10 with a range covering much of Europe. The missile is believed to be an advanced derivative of the Soviet-era SS-26 Iskander system, modified for greater range and enhanced penetration capabilities—potentially circumventing restrictions once imposed by the now-defunct Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, which collapsed in 2019. Ukrainian officials have not yet confirmed specific damage but reported bolstering air defenses. Western nations expressed serious concern, warning that the deployment could heighten regional tensions and trigger a new arms race. Analysts note that the operational use of the Oreshnik not only demonstrates Russia’s progress in hypersonic weaponry but may also shift strategic balances on the battlefield. Although Russia claims the missile is conventionally armed, its significant deterrent potential has raised international fears of further escalation in the conflict.
2024年11月，俄罗斯国防部宣布首次使用新型中程高超音速导弹“榛树”（Oreshnik）对乌克兰境内目标实施打击。俄方称，此次行动是对乌方近期袭击俄本土军事设施的回应，并强调“榛树”导弹具备突破现有防空系统的能力，飞行速度高达10马赫以上，射程覆盖欧洲大部分地区。该导弹据信基于苏联时期的SS-26“伊斯坎德尔”系统改进而来，但具备更远射程和更强突防能力，可能规避《中导条约》限制（该条约已于2019年失效）。乌克兰方面暂未确认具体受损情况，但表示正加强防空部署。西方国家对此表示高度关切，认为此举可能加剧地区紧张局势，并引发新一轮军备竞赛。分析人士指出，“榛树”的实战使用不仅标志着俄在高超音速武器领域的进展，也可能改变未来战场的战略平衡。尽管俄方宣称该导弹不携带核弹头，但其潜在威慑力仍引发国际社会对冲突升级的担忧。
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