Recently, the French government has openly accused the United States of using trade policies to exert pressure on Europe with the aim of undermining its economic competitiveness. This criticism primarily targets the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which offers substantial subsidies to companies producing clean energy technologies domestically—a move the European Union views as discriminatory. French President Emmanuel Macron described this approach as ‘trade coercion,’ arguing that it distorts global markets and risks escalating transatlantic trade tensions. He stressed that Europe must enhance its strategic autonomy, reduce reliance on American technology and markets, and called for a unified EU stance to safeguard its interests through countermeasures or negotiations. France is also concerned that U.S. industrial policies could lure European businesses to shift investments and production capacity to the U.S., thereby hollowing out Europe’s industrial base. In response, the EU has activated several mechanisms, including accelerating its own green industry support programs and reviewing foreign subsidy regulations. This dispute highlights deepening differences between the U.S. and Europe over economic security and industrial policy, reflecting the evolving dynamics of great-power competition amid global supply chain realignment.
近期，法国政府公开指责美国利用贸易政策对欧洲施加压力，意图削弱其经济竞争力。这一批评主要集中在《通胀削减法案》（Inflation Reduction Act）上，该法案为在美国本土生产清洁能源技术的企业提供巨额补贴，被欧盟视为具有歧视性。法国总统马克龙指出，这种做法构成‘贸易胁迫’，不仅扭曲全球市场，还可能引发跨大西洋贸易紧张。他强调，欧洲必须加强战略自主，减少对美国技术和市场的依赖，并呼吁欧盟采取统一立场，通过反制措施或谈判维护自身利益。此外，法国还担心美国的产业政策会吸引大量欧洲企业将投资和产能转移至美国，从而掏空欧洲的工业基础。对此，欧盟已启动多项应对机制，包括加快绿色产业扶持计划和审查外国补贴条例。这场争端反映出欧美在经济安全与产业政策上的深层分歧，也凸显了全球供应链重组背景下大国博弈的新态势。
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