In recent years, the space-based solar power (SBSP) sector has gained rapid momentum, driven by the global energy transition and dramatically reduced costs of space technology. Unlike terrestrial solar power—limited by day-night cycles, weather, and geography—SBSP systems in Earth orbit can capture solar radiation nearly 24/7 with higher energy density and greater consistency. Electricity generated in space could be wirelessly transmitted to Earth via microwaves or lasers, offering clean, continuous power to remote areas, military bases, or even national grids.Multiple countries have launched initiatives: DARPA in the U.S. is advancing its ‘Solar Power Satellite’ program; the European Space Agency (ESA) has proposed the ‘SOLARIS’ initiative; and China has explicitly supported key technological research on space solar power stations in its 14th Five-Year Plan. According to Morgan Stanley and other institutions, if technical hurdles are overcome and commercialization pathways established, SBSP could spawn a trillion-dollar market by 2050.Although challenges remain—including high launch costs, low wireless power transmission efficiency, and material durability—advances in reusable rockets, in-orbit manufacturing, and wireless energy transfer are turning SBSP from science fiction into reality, potentially positioning it as a cornerstone of the next clean energy revolution.
近年来，随着全球能源转型加速和太空技术成本大幅下降，太空光伏（Space-Based Solar Power, SBSP）赛道正迅速兴起。与地面光伏受昼夜、天气和地理限制不同，太空光伏可在地球轨道上近乎24小时不间断接收太阳辐射，能量密度更高、稳定性更强。通过微波或激光将电能无线传输回地面，有望为偏远地区、军事基地甚至整个国家电网提供清洁、持续的能源供应。多国已启动相关计划：美国国防部高级研究计划局（DARPA）推进“太阳能发电卫星”项目；欧洲空间局（ESA）提出“SOLARIS”倡议；中国也在“十四五”规划中明确支持空间太阳能电站关键技术攻关。据摩根士丹利等机构预测，若技术突破与商业化路径打通，太空光伏有望在2050年前催生一个规模达万亿美元的全新市场。尽管当前仍面临发射成本高、能量传输效率低、材料耐久性等挑战，但随着可重复使用火箭、在轨制造和无线输电技术的进步，太空光伏正从科幻走向现实，或将成为下一代清洁能源革命的关键支柱。
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