In recent years, Japan has heavily invested in scientific research on deep-sea rare earth element (REE) exploration and mining, driven primarily by strategic resource security concerns. As a global leader in high-tech manufacturing, Japan relies significantly on rare earths—such as neodymium and dysprosium—for its advanced industries. Historically, it has depended heavily on China for these critical materials, making its supply chain vulnerable to geopolitical risks. To diversify sources, Japan intensified efforts after scientists discovered REE-rich deep-sea mud near Minamitorishima Island in the Pacific Ocean in 2013—a deposit with concentrations far exceeding those of terrestrial mines. Since then, the Japanese government, in collaboration with industry and academia, has advanced technologies for deep-sea mining, including seabed robots, extraction methods, and environmental impact assessments. Beyond securing essential materials for its electronics, renewable energy, and defense sectors, Japan aims to position itself as a key player in shaping international regulations for deep-sea resource exploitation. In the long term, mastering deep-sea REE extraction could enhance Japan’s influence in resource diplomacy and maritime strategy while supporting its transition toward a sustainable, self-reliant green economy.
近年来，日本在深海稀土资源勘探与开采方面投入大量科研力量，其意图主要源于对战略资源安全的深层考量。日本是全球高科技制造业强国，对稀土元素（如钕、镝等）需求巨大，而这些关键原材料长期高度依赖中国供应。为降低地缘政治风险和供应链脆弱性，日本积极寻求替代来源。2013年，日本科学家在太平洋南鸟岛附近海域发现富含稀土的深海泥，其浓度远超陆地矿床，引发广泛关注。此后，日本政府联合产业界与科研机构持续推进深海采矿技术研发，包括海底机器人、矿物提取与环境影响评估等。此举不仅意在保障本国高端制造、新能源及国防工业所需的关键材料供应，也试图在全球新兴的深海资源开发规则制定中抢占先机。长远来看，日本希望通过掌握深海稀土开采技术，提升其在资源外交和海洋战略中的影响力，同时推动绿色能源转型所需的材料自主可控。
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