Satellite frequency and orbit resources—radio frequencies and orbital slots—are globally scarce strategic assets governed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) under a ‘first-come, first-served’ principle. In recent years, China has accelerated its space ambitions, deploying numerous satellite systems for communications, navigation, and Earth observation, dramatically increasing its demand for these resources. However, securing frequency-orbit rights is not merely a technical issue; it reflects national space strategy, international influence, and future industrial positioning. To claim high-value orbital slots and frequency bands, China must file early ITU notifications, coordinate internationally, and actually launch satellites within regulatory deadlines—or risk losing those slots to other nations. Meanwhile, space powers like the United States are aggressively deploying mega-constellations in low Earth orbit (e.g., Starlink), intensifying global competition for these finite resources. Through initiatives such as the Hongyan and Hongyun low-orbit constellations and the ongoing expansion of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, China aims to secure a strategic advantage in the global allocation of orbital resources. This race is not just about technology—it’s a geopolitical contest: whoever controls premium frequency-orbit assets may shape the future of 6G, space-based internet, and the space economy.
卫星频轨资源（即无线电频率与轨道位置）是全球稀缺的战略性空间资源，其申请和使用遵循国际电信联盟（ITU）的“先占先得”原则。中国近年来加速航天发展，在通信、导航、遥感等领域部署大量卫星系统，对频轨资源的需求急剧上升。然而，频轨资源不仅关乎技术能力，更涉及国家空间战略、国际话语权与未来产业布局。为抢占优质轨道位置和频段，中国需在ITU框架下提前申报、协调并实际部署卫星，否则将面临资源被他国占用的风险。与此同时，美国等航天强国也在积极布局低轨巨型星座（如星链），加剧了全球频轨资源的竞争。中国通过“鸿雁”“虹云”等低轨星座计划以及北斗系统的持续扩展，力图在全球频轨资源分配中争取主动权。这一过程不仅是技术竞赛，更是国家间战略博弈的体现——谁掌握更多优质频轨资源，谁就可能主导未来6G通信、天基互联网和太空经济的发展方向。
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