As global demand for clean energy continues to rise, space-based solar power (SBSP) is transitioning from science fiction to reality and is increasingly seen as the next blue ocean in the energy sector. Unlike terrestrial solar panels, SBSP systems deployed in Earth orbit can receive uninterrupted solar radiation 24/7, unaffected by weather, day-night cycles, or atmospheric attenuation, resulting in significantly higher energy conversion efficiency. In recent years, countries and regions including China, the United States, Japan, and Europe have launched dedicated research initiatives. For instance, China aims to conduct in-orbit demonstration tests before 2030, while Caltech successfully launched an experimental satellite in 2023 that validated the feasibility of wireless power transmission. Key technological advances focus on lightweight solar cells, efficient microwave or laser-based energy transmission, and low-cost, reusable launch vehicles. Although challenges remain—such as high launch costs and complex space engineering—the rapid growth of commercial spaceflight and economies of scale could enable SBSP to achieve commercial viability within the next 10 to 20 years, offering a stable, clean, and sustainable energy solution and becoming a cornerstone of the global energy transition.
随着全球对清洁能源需求的不断增长，太空光伏（Space-Based Solar Power, SBSP）正逐渐从科幻概念走向现实，被视为能源领域的下一个增长蓝海。与地面太阳能相比，太空光伏系统部署在地球轨道上，可全天候接收太阳辐射，不受天气、昼夜或大气衰减影响，能量转换效率显著更高。近年来，包括中国、美国、日本和欧洲在内的多个国家和地区已启动相关研究计划。例如，中国计划在2030年前开展在轨验证试验，而美国加州理工学院已于2023年成功发射实验卫星，验证了无线能量传输的可行性。技术突破主要集中在轻量化太阳能电池、高效微波或激光能量传输以及低成本可重复使用火箭等方面。尽管目前仍面临高昂的发射成本与复杂的空间工程挑战，但随着商业航天的快速发展和规模化效应显现，太空光伏有望在未来10–20年内实现商业化应用，为地球提供稳定、清洁、可持续的能源解决方案，成为全球能源转型的重要支柱。
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