In 2023, China officially added the ‘Hezhen Yimakan’ to its National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage, strengthening efforts to protect and transmit this unique oral tradition. Yimakan is a form of narrative singing passed down through generations among the Hezhen people, primarily practiced in Hezhen communities along the Heilongjiang (Amur) River basin. Its content draws from myths, heroic epics, and everyday life, characterized by improvised performance without musical accompaniment, vivid language, and distinctive rhythmic patterns—making it a culturally rich and historically significant art form.The Hezhen are one of China’s smallest ethnic minorities, mainly residing in Tongjiang and Raohe counties of Heilongjiang Province. Yimakan serves not only as a vital vessel of Hezhen cultural identity but also as invaluable material for studying the language, social structure, and hunting-fishing traditions of northern ethnic groups. In recent years, however, Yimakan has faced the threat of extinction due to aging practitioners and declining interest among younger generations. Its inclusion in the national intangible heritage list aims to raise public awareness and support systematic documentation, education, and community-based revitalization initiatives.Since establishing its national intangible cultural heritage system in 2006, China has inscribed over a thousand items. The recognition of Hezhen Yimakan reflects the nation’s commitment to preserving cultural diversity among its ethnic minorities and contributes Chinese insights to global heritage conservation efforts.
2023年，中国将‘赫哲族伊玛堪’正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录，进一步加强对这一独特口头传统艺术的保护与传承。伊玛堪是赫哲族世代相传的一种说唱艺术，主要流行于黑龙江流域的赫哲族聚居区。其内容多取材于神话传说、英雄史诗和日常生活，以即兴演唱、无乐器伴奏为特点，语言生动、节奏鲜明，具有浓厚的民族特色和历史价值。赫哲族是中国人口较少的少数民族之一，主要分布在黑龙江省同江、饶河等地。伊玛堪不仅是赫哲族文化的重要载体，也是研究北方渔猎民族文化、语言和社会结构的珍贵资料。近年来，由于传承人老龄化、年轻一代对传统文化兴趣减弱等因素，伊玛堪面临失传风险。此次将其纳入国家级非遗名录，有助于提升公众认知度，推动系统性记录、教学和传播工作，激发社区参与和文化自信。中国政府自2006年起建立国家级非物质文化遗产名录体系，目前已收录上千个项目。‘赫哲族伊玛堪’的入选，体现了国家对少数民族文化多样性的尊重与支持，也为全球非物质文化遗产保护贡献了中国智慧。
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