Recently, as the United States intensifies its technology export controls against China, several European countries have grown concerned that they could become the next target of U.S. ‘long-arm jurisdiction.’ Although the U.S. and Europe share common ground on values and security issues, they diverge significantly in their interests regarding supply chains and markets in critical technologies such as semiconductors and artificial intelligence. In response, the European Union is accelerating its strategy for technological sovereignty to reduce reliance on American technology and infrastructure.Since 2023, the EU has introduced a series of policies—including the Chips Act, the Critical Raw Materials Act, and the Digital Markets Act—aimed at building a domestic semiconductor industry, securing raw material supplies, and regulating major tech platforms. Simultaneously, Europe is deepening technological cooperation with Asia and other regions to foster a more diversified and balanced global tech ecosystem.Moreover, some European nations have begun assessing their dependence on U.S. technology and are promoting independent data storage and communication infrastructures. For instance, the Franco-German-led Gaia-X initiative seeks to establish a cloud platform aligned with European data sovereignty standards.Analysts note that while Europe cannot fully decouple from the U.S. tech ecosystem in the short term, its strategic shift signals a clear intent: amid growing geopolitical uncertainty in the tech sector, Europe aims to maintain strategic autonomy and avoid becoming a passive pawn in great-power rivalry.
近期，随着美国对华技术出口管制不断加码，欧洲多国开始担忧自身可能成为美国“长臂管辖”的下一个目标。尽管美欧在价值观和安全议题上立场相近，但在关键技术、半导体、人工智能等领域的供应链和市场利益上存在显著分歧。为此，欧盟正加速推进技术自主战略，以减少对美国技术和基础设施的依赖。2023年以来，欧盟陆续推出《芯片法案》《关键原材料法案》及《数字市场法案》等政策，旨在构建本土半导体产业链、保障原材料供应安全，并规范大型科技平台行为。同时，欧洲也在加强与亚洲及其他地区的技术合作，试图打造更加多元、平衡的全球技术生态。此外，部分欧洲国家已开始审查本国对美技术依赖程度，并推动建立独立的数据存储与通信基础设施。例如，法国和德国联合推动的“盖亚-X”（Gaia-X）项目，即意在创建一个符合欧洲数据主权标准的云服务平台。分析人士指出，虽然短期内欧洲难以完全摆脱美国技术体系，但其战略转向表明：面对日益不确定的地缘科技格局，欧洲正努力在中美之间保持战略自主，避免沦为大国博弈中的被动棋子。
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