If the United States were to annex Greenland, it would deliver a profound shock to the international order. Although Greenland is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, it enjoys extensive self-governance, and its sovereignty involves complex issues of international law and geopolitics. Any U.S. attempt at forced annexation would violate core principles of the UN Charter—particularly those concerning territorial integrity and the prohibition of the use of force—and severely undermine the rules-based international system. Such a move could trigger an arms race in the Arctic and heighten strategic tensions between the U.S., Russia, and European powers. Strategically located along emerging Arctic shipping routes and rich in mineral and hydrocarbon resources, Greenland’s control would grant the U.S. dominance in Arctic affairs, potentially destabilizing existing multilateral frameworks like the Arctic Council. Moreover, unilateral territorial expansion would erode smaller nations’ trust in international law, revive great-power politics, and damage the legitimacy and stability of global governance. While the U.S. has expressed interest in Greenland before—most notably during the Trump administration’s 2019 proposal to purchase it—the international community overwhelmingly stresses that territorial matters must be resolved peacefully, lawfully, and with full respect for sovereignty.
若美国吞并格陵兰，将对国际秩序造成深远冲击。格陵兰虽为丹麦自治领地，但拥有高度自治权，其主权归属涉及复杂的国际法与地缘政治问题。美国若强行吞并，不仅违反《联合国宪章》中关于领土完整和禁止使用武力的原则，还将严重破坏基于规则的国际秩序。此举可能引发北极地区军备竞赛，加剧美俄、美欧之间的战略紧张。同时，格陵兰地处北极航道要冲，蕴藏丰富矿产与油气资源，控制该地将赋予美国在北极事务中的主导地位，动摇现有北极理事会等多边机制。此外，此类单边扩张行为将削弱小国对国际法的信任，鼓励强权政治回潮，损害全球治理的合法性与稳定性。尽管美国曾多次表达对格陵兰的兴趣（如2019年特朗普政府提出购买意向），但国际社会普遍强调应通过和平、合法与尊重主权的方式处理领土问题。
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