In recent years, U.S.-EU relations have oscillated between cooperation and divergence. On one hand, both sides maintain strategic alignment on issues such as countering Russia, addressing climate change, and securing global supply chains. On the other, they face growing friction over trade policies, digital regulation, and energy subsidies—particularly due to the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act. The Ukraine crisis temporarily reinforced transatlantic unity, but shifting geopolitical priorities and evolving domestic politics have increasingly exposed divergent interests. Europe is emphasizing strategic autonomy to reduce reliance on the U.S., while America is pivoting toward the Indo-Pacific, diminishing its focus on Europe. Going forward, the relationship will likely remain in a state of ‘cooperative competition’: collaborating on core security and shared values while intensifying rivalry in economic and technological domains. Their ability to jointly shape rules in emerging areas like artificial intelligence and green transition will be crucial to sustaining the partnership. Overall, the transatlantic alliance won’t break apart, but it is moving beyond the post–Cold War model of asymmetric dependence toward a more equal, pragmatic—and at times tense—relationship.
近年来，美欧关系在合作与分歧之间不断摇摆。一方面，双方在应对俄罗斯、气候变化、全球供应链安全等议题上保持战略协调；另一方面，在贸易政策、数字监管、能源补贴（如美国《通胀削减法案》）等方面存在明显摩擦。乌克兰危机一度强化了跨大西洋联盟的团结，但随着地缘政治重心转移和各自国内政治变化，双方利益差异逐渐显现。欧洲日益强调战略自主，试图减少对美依赖，而美国则更关注印太战略，对欧洲关注度相对下降。未来，美欧关系或将维持“竞合共存”的复杂状态：在核心安全与价值观上继续合作，但在经济与技术领域竞争加剧。能否在人工智能、绿色转型等新兴领域建立共同规则，将成为维系伙伴关系的关键。总体而言，美欧关系不会破裂，但也不再是冷战后那种单向依赖的盟友模式，而将走向更加平等、务实且有时充满张力的新阶段。
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