In recent years, the photovoltaic (PV) industry has grown rapidly, yet the high cost and price volatility of silver—a key material in PV manufacturing—have become major constraints on profitability and sustainable development. Silver paste is essential in the metallization process of conventional crystalline silicon solar cells, especially in PERC and TOPCon technologies, where silver consumption is significant. To reduce reliance on silver, PV companies are pursuing multiple strategies.First, technological innovation is central. Copper electroplating, for instance, can fully replace silver paste, drastically cutting material costs. Meanwhile, heterojunction (HJT) cells leverage low-temperature silver pastes and silver-coated copper technologies to significantly reduce silver usage. Second, improving silver utilization efficiency—through fine-line printing, multi-busbar designs, and other process optimizations—lowers silver consumption per cell without compromising performance. Additionally, some companies are establishing recycling systems to recover silver from end-of-life modules, enabling circular resource use.Policy support and supply chain collaboration are also critical. Government incentives for new materials and green manufacturing, combined with joint R&D efforts across the value chain, can accelerate cost reduction. In the long run, breaking free from ‘silver dependency’ will not only enhance the global competitiveness of Chinese PV manufacturers but also drive the entire industry toward lower costs and higher efficiency.
近年来，光伏产业快速发展，但其核心材料之一——银浆的高成本和价格波动，已成为制约企业利润与可持续发展的关键因素。白银在传统晶硅电池的金属化工艺中不可或缺，尤其在PERC和TOPCon技术中用量较大。为摆脱对白银的过度依赖，光伏企业正从多方面寻求突破。首先，技术革新是核心路径。例如，铜电镀技术可完全替代银浆，大幅降低材料成本；同时，HJT（异质结）电池通过低温银浆优化和银包铜技术，也能显著减少银耗。其次，提升银浆使用效率，如通过细线印刷、多主栅设计等工艺改进，在保证性能的同时减少单位电池的银用量。此外，部分企业开始布局回收体系，从废旧组件中提取白银，实现资源循环利用。政策支持与产业链协同也至关重要。国家鼓励新材料研发和绿色制造，上下游企业联合攻关可加速降本进程。长远来看，摆脱“白银绑架”不仅有助于提升中国光伏企业的全球竞争力，也将推动整个行业向更低成本、更高效率的方向演进。
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