Why does Russia insist on controlling the entire Donbas region? This issue involves a complex mix of historical, geopolitical, and ethnic identity factors. The Donbas—comprising Donetsk and Luhansk—has been a vital industrial and coal-producing area since Soviet times. Following Ukraine’s pro-EU protests in 2014, pro-Russian separatist movements emerged in the region, declaring the establishment of ‘People’s Republics’ with de facto Russian backing. For Russia, securing Donbas helps maintain strategic influence in eastern Ukraine and prevents Ukraine from fully aligning with the West, particularly joining NATO. Additionally, the Kremlin frames its actions as protecting Russian-speaking populations and restoring historical unity, portraying Donbas as part of the so-called ‘Russian World.’ From a security standpoint, controlling Donbas creates a buffer zone against NATO’s eastward expansion near Russia’s borders. Despite widespread international non-recognition of the separatist entities, Russia remains determined to bring the region under its sphere of influence—even resorting to full-scale military operations after 2022 to achieve complete control. This pursuit is not merely about territory; it is central to Russia’s broader ambition of reshaping regional order and asserting great-power status.
俄罗斯为何坚持想要整个顿巴斯？这一问题涉及历史、地缘政治与民族认同等多重因素。顿巴斯地区（包括顿涅茨克和卢甘斯克）自苏联时期起就是重要的工业和煤炭产区，经济地位突出。2014年乌克兰亲欧盟示威后，该地区爆发亲俄分离主义运动，宣布成立“人民共和国”，并得到俄罗斯事实上的支持。对俄罗斯而言，控制顿巴斯不仅有助于保障其在乌克兰东部的战略影响力，还能阻止乌克兰全面倒向西方，尤其是加入北约。此外，普京政府强调“保护俄语族群”和“历史统一”的叙事，将顿巴斯视为“俄罗斯世界”的一部分。从安全角度看，掌控顿巴斯可为俄罗斯建立缓冲地带，防止北约势力逼近其边境。因此，尽管国际社会普遍不承认顿巴斯的独立地位，俄罗斯仍坚持将其纳入势力范围，甚至通过2022年后的军事行动试图实现对该地区的完全控制。这不仅是领土诉求，更是其重塑地区秩序、维护大国地位的重要一环。
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