In recent years, surging global demand for clean energy and electric vehicles has elevated the strategic importance of graphite—a critical raw material for lithium-ion batteries. To reduce reliance on countries like China in the critical minerals supply chain, the United States is accelerating efforts to restart domestic graphite mining and processing. Since 2023, the U.S. government has leveraged policy tools such as the Inflation Reduction Act and the Defense Production Act to provide increased financial support and expedited permitting for domestic graphite projects. New exploration and development initiatives have emerged in states including Alaska, Texas, and New York, with some companies even constructing vertically integrated graphite refining facilities. Although the U.S. possesses notable graphite reserves, its mining and purification technologies have lagged for decades, and projects often face challenges from environmental regulations and local opposition. Experts note that while the U.S. is unlikely to eliminate import dependence in the short term, these moves are expected to foster a more secure and diversified supply chain for new energy materials over the medium to long term, enhancing America’s strategic autonomy in the global green economy.
近年来，随着全球对清洁能源和电动汽车需求的激增，作为锂电池关键原材料的石墨战略地位日益凸显。美国为减少对中国等国家在关键矿产供应链上的依赖，正加速重启本土石墨采矿与加工布局。2023年以来，美国政府通过《通胀削减法案》和《国防生产法》等政策工具，加大对本土石墨项目的财政支持与审批便利。例如，阿拉斯加、德克萨斯和纽约州等地已出现多个新勘探与开发项目，部分企业甚至开始建设垂直整合的石墨精炼设施。尽管美国拥有一定石墨资源储量，但其开采和提纯技术长期滞后，且面临环保法规与社区反对等挑战。专家指出，短期内美国难以完全摆脱进口依赖，但中长期来看，此举有助于构建更安全、多元化的新能源材料供应链，增强其在全球绿色经济竞争中的战略自主性。
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