In recent years, the U.S. National Security Strategy has clearly shifted toward ‘great power competition,’ identifying China and Russia as primary strategic rivals. The 2022 National Security Strategy explicitly states that the international order faces challenges from authoritarian regimes, and the U.S. must respond by strengthening alliances and investing in technological and military advantages. However, this strategic pivot will not end ‘great power competition’; rather, it may intensify its long-term and structural nature.First, great power competition is not solely driven by U.S. policy but stems from broader shifts in the global order. As China’s comprehensive national power grows and multipolarity advances, the era of unipolar dominance is fading, making strategic rivalry a new normal. Second, America’s strategic recalibration reflects an acknowledgment of reality—not an attempt to alter it. The goal is to maintain competitive advantage, not eliminate competition altogether. Moreover, deep interdependence in technology, economics, and ideology makes full decoupling or outright confrontation neither feasible nor in anyone’s interest.Thus, the U.S. strategic shift is better understood as an adaptive response to the era of great power competition, not a signal of its conclusion. Going forward, competition and cooperation are likely to coexist, with the key challenge being how to manage rivalry responsibly, avoid conflict, and collaborate on shared global issues like climate change and public health.
近年来，美国国家安全战略明显转向以‘大国竞争’为核心，尤其将中国和俄罗斯视为主要战略竞争对手。2022年《美国国家安全战略》报告明确指出，全球秩序正面临来自威权国家的挑战，而美国必须通过强化联盟、投资科技与军事优势来应对。然而，这一战略转向本身并不会终结‘大国竞争’，反而可能加剧其长期性和结构性。首先，‘大国竞争’并非单纯由美国政策驱动，而是国际格局演变的产物。随着中国综合国力提升、多极化趋势加强，传统单极主导体系难以为继，竞争成为新常态。其次，美国的战略调整更多是承认现实而非改变现实——它试图在竞争中维持优势，而非消除竞争本身。此外，技术、经济、意识形态等领域的深度交织，使得脱钩或全面对抗既不现实也不符合各方利益。因此，美国安全战略的转向更像是对‘大国竞争’时代的一种适应性回应，而非终结信号。未来，竞争与合作或将长期并存，关键在于如何管理竞争、避免冲突，并在气候变化、全球卫生等共同挑战上寻求协作。
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