In recent years, Venezuela has suffered repeated nationwide blackouts, with its government repeatedly accusing the United States of waging an ‘electricity war’ aimed at destabilizing the regime by sabotaging critical infrastructure. In March 2019, a massive blackout paralyzed the country for several days, disrupting water supply, transportation, communications, and healthcare—triggering a severe humanitarian crisis. President Nicolás Maduro alleged that the U.S. had used cyberattacks and electromagnetic pulse weapons as part of a ‘hybrid warfare’ strategy against the national power grid.Although the U.S. denies direct involvement, analysts note that prolonged economic sanctions and support for opposition groups have indirectly exacerbated vulnerabilities in Venezuela’s aging power infrastructure. Heavily reliant on the Guri hydroelectric complex, the country’s grid suffers from chronic underinvestment and poor maintenance, making it susceptible to both technical and non-technical disruptions. Experts warn that as geopolitical tensions rise, ‘gray zone’ attacks targeting energy systems—including cyber intrusions, supply chain manipulation, and even psychological operations—are becoming a new norm in great-power competition.The Venezuelan case highlights critical gaps in infrastructure resilience and serves as a global warning: power grids are not just lifelines for civilians but also strategic frontlines in national security. Countering ‘electricity warfare’ demands enhanced technical robustness, international cooperation, and stronger legal frameworks.
近年来，委内瑞拉频繁遭遇大规模停电事件，政府多次指责美国对其发动‘电力战’，试图通过破坏关键基础设施动摇其政权稳定。2019年3月，委内瑞拉全国性大停电持续数日，影响供水、交通、通信及医疗系统，造成严重人道危机。时任总统马杜罗称，这是美国利用网络攻击和电磁脉冲武器对国家电网实施的‘混合战争’手段。尽管美方否认直接干预，但有分析指出，美国长期对委实施经济制裁，并支持反对派，客观上加剧了该国电力系统的脆弱性。委内瑞拉电力高度依赖古里水电站，设备老化、维护不足叠加外部压力，使其极易遭受技术或非技术性干扰。专家警告，随着地缘政治紧张加剧，针对能源基础设施的‘灰色地带’攻击——包括网络渗透、供应链操控甚至心理战——正成为大国博弈的新常态。委内瑞拉案例凸显了现代国家在关键基础设施防护上的短板，也警示全球：电力系统不仅是民生命脉，更已成为国家安全的战略前线。防范‘电力战’需加强技术韧性、国际合作与法律框架建设。
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