Recently, several foreign media outlets have reported that China’s navy now operates more nuclear-powered submarines than Russia, making it the world’s second-largest operator after the United States. This claim is primarily based on recent assessments from the U.S. Department of Defense and various defense think tanks. Estimates suggest China currently fields around 6 to 8 nuclear submarines—including both ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) and attack submarines (SSNs)—while Russia’s operational fleet has declined to roughly 5 to 7 due to aging vessels and maintenance challenges.However, submarine numbers alone do not fully reflect naval strength; technical sophistication, acoustic stealth, weapon systems, and strategic deployment capabilities are equally critical. China has made notable advances in submarine technology, with its Type 094 SSBNs and the reportedly under-development Type 096 offering improved stealth and strike range. Still, compared to the U.S. and Russia, China lags in operational experience, blue-water capabilities, and the maturity of its sea-based nuclear deterrent.Moreover, such reports often carry geopolitical undertones and may exaggerate China’s military buildup to fuel narratives of a ‘China threat.’ Most experts agree that China’s nuclear submarine force remains in a posture of ‘limited deterrence,’ emphasizing defensive readiness and minimal credible second-strike capability rather than global power projection. Therefore, these figures should be interpreted with caution and contextual understanding.
近日，多家外媒报道称，中国海军的核潜艇数量已超过俄罗斯，成为全球第二大核潜艇拥有国，仅次于美国。这一说法主要基于美国国防部及部分智库近年发布的军事评估报告。数据显示，中国目前拥有约6至8艘弹道导弹核潜艇（SSBN）和攻击型核潜艇（SSN），而俄罗斯现役核潜艇数量因老化和维护问题有所下降，约为5至7艘。需要指出的是，核潜艇的数量并非衡量海军实力的唯一标准，其技术水平、静音性能、武器系统以及战略部署能力同样关键。中国近年来在核潜艇技术方面取得显著进步，如094型和正在发展的096型战略核潜艇，具备更强的隐蔽性和打击能力。然而，与美俄相比，中国在核潜艇服役经验、远洋作战能力和二次核打击体系成熟度方面仍有差距。此外，此类报道往往带有地缘政治色彩，可能夸大中国军力以渲染‘中国威胁论’。专家普遍认为，中国核潜艇部队仍处于‘有限威慑’阶段，强调防御性和最低限度核报复能力，而非追求与美俄对等的全球部署。因此，对相关数据应理性看待，避免过度解读。
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