In recent years, the phrase ‘America exits, California enters’ has become a popular way to describe the stark contrast between U.S. federal policy and California’s stance on climate action. The ‘exit’ refers to the Trump administration’s 2017 announcement of withdrawal from the Paris Agreement—a landmark multilateral accord on climate change. The ‘entry,’ meanwhile, highlights how California governors Jerry Brown and later Gavin Newsom actively engaged the state in global climate initiatives, even joining coalitions like the U.S. Climate Alliance to uphold Paris Agreement goals at the subnational level. Despite the federal government’s retreat from international cooperation, California—home to the world’s fifth-largest economy—maintained ambitious emissions reduction targets, promoted renewable energy, and forged climate partnerships with countries and regions worldwide. This bottom-up approach not only demonstrated the agency of subnational actors in global governance but also reflected deep political divisions within the U.S. on climate policy. Although the Biden administration rejoined the Paris Agreement in 2021, aligning federal and state positions once again, California’s leadership during the interim period remains a model for how non-federal entities can meaningfully contribute to global climate efforts.
近年来，‘美国退群加州进群’成为国际舆论中的一个热门说法，形象地反映了美国联邦政府与加州在气候政策上的鲜明对比。所谓‘退群’，指的是2017年特朗普政府宣布退出《巴黎协定》——这一全球应对气候变化的重要多边协议；而‘进群’则是指加州州长杰瑞·布朗及后来的加文·纽森积极推动本州参与全球气候治理，甚至代表加州加入《巴黎协定》相关倡议，如‘美国气候联盟’（U.S. Climate Alliance）。尽管美国联邦层面一度退出国际合作，但加州作为美国最大经济体之一，坚持减排目标、推广可再生能源，并与多个国家和地区建立气候合作机制。这种‘自下而上’的行动不仅彰显了地方在全球治理中的能动性，也凸显了美国国内在气候议题上的政治分裂。随着拜登政府于2021年重返《巴黎协定》，联邦与加州的立场趋于一致，但加州在此期间所展现的领导力，已成为次国家行为体参与全球事务的典范。
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