In 2023, despite ongoing adjustments in China’s real estate market, land sale revenues in several key cities remained robust. Public data shows that Shanghai, Beijing, and Hangzhou collectively generated over RMB 100 billion in annual land transfer income, making them crucial pillars of the country’s land-based fiscal revenue. Shanghai led the nation with more than RMB 200 billion, thanks to its international status and stable market demand. Beijing followed closely, supported by high-quality land parcels and strong participation from central state-owned enterprises. Hangzhou, benefiting from its thriving digital economy and sustained population inflow, maintained a hot land market and joined the ‘hundred-billion club.’This trend highlights the comprehensive strengths of Tier-1 and strong Tier-2 cities in economic resilience, demographic appeal, and industrial foundations. While most Chinese cities grapple with land auction failures and weak developer confidence, these three cities have managed to sustain high land revenues through premium plots, optimized land supply schedules, and improved business environments. It also signals a deepening concentration of resources in core urban centers amid the broader real estate sector’s restructuring, suggesting an intensifying divergence among Chinese cities in the coming years.
2023年，中国房地产市场持续调整，但部分核心城市土地出让收入依然强劲。据公开数据显示，上海、北京和杭州三座城市全年卖地收入合计超过千亿元人民币，成为全国土地财政的重要支柱。其中，上海凭借其国际化地位和稳定的市场需求，以超2000亿元的土地出让金位居全国首位；北京紧随其后，依靠优质地块和央企、国企的积极参与，实现可观收入；杭州则延续了近年来在数字经济和人口流入方面的优势，土地市场热度不减，跻身千亿俱乐部。这一现象反映出一线城市及强二线城市在经济韧性、人口吸引力和产业基础方面的综合优势。尽管全国多数城市面临土地流拍、房企拿地意愿低迷等问题，但上述三城仍能通过高价值地块、优化供地节奏以及改善营商环境等方式，维持较高的土地财政收入。这也说明，在房地产行业深度调整期，资源正进一步向核心城市集中，未来城市分化趋势或将加剧。
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