In recent years, several European countries have adopted an increasingly assertive stance toward the United States. From French President Emmanuel Macron openly urging Europe to reduce its dependence on America, to Germany accelerating strategic autonomy in energy, defense, and technology, and the EU clashing with Washington over digital taxes and steel-aluminum tariffs, U.S.-European relations are undergoing a profound realignment. This shift is not accidental but stems from growing divergences in strategic interests, values, and perceptions of global roles. The U.S. ‘America First’ approach has eroded trust within the transatlantic alliance, while Europe seeks greater independence amid U.S.-China rivalry, aiming to avoid becoming a pawn in great-power competition. Although cooperation continues on issues like the Ukraine crisis, structural tensions are now hard to ignore. The relationship is unlikely to return to the high level of post–Cold War alignment; instead, it may evolve into a ‘principled competitive partnership’—characterized by both cooperation and mutual restraint, shared goals alongside persistent disagreements. Rebuilding trust will depend on whether both sides can find a new equilibrium that respects each other’s core interests.
近年来，欧洲多国在对美政策上展现出前所未有的强硬姿态。从法国总统马克龙公开呼吁欧洲减少对美依赖，到德国在能源、防务和科技领域加速战略自主，再到欧盟在数字税、钢铝关税等问题上与美国正面交锋，美欧关系正经历深刻调整。这种变化并非偶然，而是源于双方在战略利益、价值观及全球角色认知上的分歧日益扩大。美国推行“美国优先”政策，削弱了跨大西洋联盟的信任基础；而欧洲则试图在中美博弈中寻求独立立场，避免沦为大国竞争的附庸。尽管双方在乌克兰危机等议题上仍保持合作，但结构性矛盾已难以忽视。未来，美欧关系或难以回到冷战后那种高度协调的状态，更可能演变为一种‘有原则的竞争性伙伴关系’——既合作又制衡，既有共识也存分歧。能否重建互信，将取决于双方能否在尊重彼此核心利益的基础上，找到新的平衡点。
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