近期，有细心的学生和家长发现，部分新版历史教科书中明太祖朱元璋的画像发生了变化。过去广为流传的那幅长脸、高颧骨、相貌奇特的画像被替换为一幅更显端庄、符合明代帝王仪容标准的形象。这一调整引发了公众对历史人物形象真实性的讨论。实际上，历史上流传的朱元璋画像存在两个版本：一种是民间流传的‘异相’画像，强调其‘天命所归’的神秘色彩；另一种则是宫廷绘制的标准帝王像，面貌端正、服饰规整。学术界普遍认为，前者多为后世附会或艺术加工，后者更接近真实。教育部在修订教材时，依据权威史料与专家建议，选择采用更符合史实的宫廷画像，旨在引导学生树立科学的历史观，避免被传说或夸张图像误导。此次画像更换并非否定传统文化，而是体现历史教育日益注重证据与严谨性。通过更准确的视觉资料，学生能更客观地理解历史人物及其时代背景，从而提升历史素养与批判性思维能力。
Recently, attentive students and parents have noticed that the portrait of Ming Dynasty founder Zhu Yuanzhang (Emperor Hongwu) in some newly revised history textbooks has been changed. The previously widespread image—featuring an elongated face, high cheekbones, and an unusual appearance—has been replaced with a more dignified and historically appropriate imperial portrait.In fact, two versions of Zhu Yuanzhang’s portraits have circulated throughout history: one is a folk version emphasizing his ‘extraordinary countenance’ to symbolize divine mandate, while the other is the official court portrait depicting him with a composed and regal demeanor. Historians generally agree that the former is largely a later artistic embellishment or mythological construct, whereas the latter aligns more closely with historical reality. In revising the textbooks, China’s Ministry of Education, guided by authoritative historical sources and expert recommendations, opted for the court portrait to promote a more evidence-based and accurate understanding of history among students.This update does not reject traditional culture but reflects a growing emphasis on rigor and authenticity in historical education. By using more reliable visual materials, students can develop a more objective perspective on historical figures and their contexts, thereby enhancing both historical literacy and critical thinking skills.
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